Mohlala oa Boraro oa Bohlale
The Triune Brain ke tsela e bonolo ea ho nahana ka boko ba motho. E e arola likarolo tse tharo, ka hona karolo ea "tri" ea lebitso. Moetso ona o fetotsoe esale o qala ho hlalosoa ke rasaense oa methapo Paul McLean ka li-1960's. E ntse e sebetsa e le kakaretso ea ts'ebetso ea boko ka kakaretso.
Bokhoni bo Phelang
Ena ke karolo ea khale ka ho fetisisa ea boko. E ile ea hlaha ka lilemo tse limilione tse 400 tse fetileng. E na le mehaho e meholo e fumanoang ke boko ba reptile: boko ba boko le cerebellum. E teng ka hare ho hlooho ea rona 'me e lumellana le top of our spinal cord. E laola mesebetsi ea rona ea mantlha e kang lebelo la pelo, mocheso oa 'mele, khatello ea mali, phefumoloho le botsitso. E boetse e thusa ho hokahanya le 'tse ling tse peli' tse ka hare ho hlooho ea rona. Boko bo phethehileng boa tšeptjoa empa bo atisa ho ba boima le bo qobelloang.
Bothata ba Limbic. E boetse e bitsoa Mammalian Brain
Boko ba maiketsetso bo laola tsamaiso ea 'mele ea' mele. E ile ea hlaha ho pholletsa le 250 lilemong tse limilione tse fetileng ka ho iphetola ha liphoofolo tsa pele tsa tlhaho. E ka hopola lintlha tsa boitšoaro bo hlahisitseng liphihlelo tse monate le tse sa lumellaneng, kahoo li ikarabella ho seo ho thoeng ke 'maikutlo' bathong. Ena ke karolo ea boko moo re oelang le ho tsoa leratong, mme re tlamahane le ba bang. Ke motheo oa tsamaiso ea boithabiso kapa tsamaiso ea moputso ho batho. Li-mammali, ho kenyelletsa le batho, li hloka ho hōlisa bana ba bona ka nakoana pele li se li loketse ho tloha 'sehlaheng' 'me li iketsetse tsona. Sena ha se tšoane le lihahabi tse ts'oanang le ho qhaqha lehe le ho phalla.
Boko ba maoto ke setulo sa likahlolo tsa bohlokoa le litumelo tseo re li hlahisang, hangata re sa tsebeng, tse nang le tšusumetso e matla joalo boitšoarong ba rona.
Lenaneo le nang le likarolo tse tšeletseng-thalamus, hypothalamus, gland ea pituitary, amygdala, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens le VTA. Ke seo ba se etsang.
The Thalamus ke mokhanni oa boitsebiso ba boko ba rona. Boitsebiso leha e le bofe ba maikutlo (ntle le monko) o kenang 'meleng oa rona o ea thalamus ea rona pele' me thalamus e romela boitsebiso likarolong tse nepahetseng tsa boko ba rona hore bo sebetsanoe.
The hypothalamus ke boholo ba linaoa tsa kofi empa e ka 'na ea e-ba mohaho oa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa bokong ba rona. E ameha ho laola lenyora; tlala; maikutlo, mocheso oa 'mele; ho tsosa takatso ea thobalano, mokhoa oa ho robala (ho robala) le tsamaiso ea methapo ea boithaopo le endocrine (hormone) system. Ho phaella moo, e laola mohala oa pituitary.
The pituitary hangata ho thoe ke 'bothata bo botle', hobane bo hlahisa li-hormone tse laolang tse ling tsa tse ling tsa li-endocrine kapa li-gland tsa li-hormone. E etsa hore hormone ea ho hōla, li-hormone tsa bocha tsa botšehali, qoqotho e susumelletsang hormone, prolactin le Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH, e etsang hore hormone ea khatello ea kelello e be matla, cortisol). E boetse e etsa hore hormone e lekanang le metsi e bitsoa anti-diuretic hormone (ADH).
The amygdala e sebetsana le mokhoa oa ho hopola, empa karolo e ngata e sebetsana le maikutlo a meholo joaloka tšabo, khalefo le poulelo.
The hippocampus e ameha mochineng oa ho hopola. Karolo ena ea boko ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ithuta le ho hopola, ho fetola mohopolo o khutšoanyane mohopolong o sa feleng, le ho hopola likamano tsa lefats'e lefats'e ka rona.
The Nucleus Accumbens e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa potolohong ea moputso. Tšebelisano ea eona e thehiloe ka ho khetheha ho li-neurotransmitters tse peli tsa bohlokoa: dopamine e khothalletsang takatso, le serotonin eo liphello tsa eona li akarelletsang ho satiety le ho thibela tšoaetso. Lipatlisiso tse ngata tsa liphoofolo li bontšitse lithethefatsi ka kakaretso li eketsa tlhahiso ea dopamine nucleus accumbens, ha e ntse e fokotsa seo Serotonin. Empa nucleus accumbens ha e sebetse ka thōko. E boloka likamano tse haufi le litsi tse ling tse amehang mekhoeng ea menyaka, haholo-holo, le sebaka sa ventral tegmental, eo hape e bitsoang ea VTA.
E fumaneha bohareng ba boko, tlhōrōng ea boko ba boko, VTA ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa khale tsa boko. Ke li-neurons tsa VTA tse etsang dopamine, tseo li-axon tsa tsona li li romellang nucleus accumbens. VTA e boetse e susumetsoa ke li-endorphins tseo li-receptor li nang le lithethefatsi tse kang o heroin le morphine.
Neocortex / cerebral cortex
E boetse e bitsoa Neomammalian Brain.Ena e ne e le 'bokong' ba morao-rao ba ho fetoha. Cerebral cortex e arotsoe libakeng tse laolang mesebetsi e khethehileng. Likarolo tse sa tšoaneng ho fana ka boitsebiso bo tsoang linthong tsa rona, ho re nolofalletsa ho bona, ho ikutloa, ho utloa le ho latsoa. Karolo e ka pele ea cortex, cortex e ka pele kapa forebrain, ke setsi sa ho nahana sa boko; e matlafatsa bokhoni ba rona ba ho nahana, ho rera, ho rarolla mathata, ho ikoetlisa le ho etsa liqeto.
Neocortex pele e ne e nka bohlokoa ho li-primates 'me e fihlile qetong ea boko ba motho ka boholo ba eona bobeli li-hemispheres tsa masapo tse bapalang karolo e ka sehloohong. Li-hemispheres tsena li 'nile tsa ikarabella bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea puo ea batho (hoo e ka bang lilemo tse 15,000-70,000 tse fetileng), menahano e sa utloahaleng, monahano le kutloisiso. Neocortex ea tenyetseha ebile e na le bokhoni ba ho ithuta bo batlang bo sa feleng. Neocortex ke eona e lumelletseng meetlo ea batho hore e tsoele pele.[x_column bg_color="” type="1/1″ style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; “][x_image type="none” src=”https://rewardfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Hemispheres.png” alt=”” link=”false” href=”#” title= ”” target="” info="none” info_place=”top” info_trigger=”hover” info_content="”][/x_column][x_row inner_container=”true” marginless_columns=”false” bg_color=”” style=”margin : 0px auto 0px auto; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; “][x_column bg_color="” type="1/1″ style="padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; “][x_text class="justify-text “]Karolo ea morao-rao ea neocortex e tla fetoha ke prefrontal cortex e hlahileng lilemo tse ka bang 500,000 tse fetileng. Ke boko ba phethahatso. Sena se re fa mekhoa ea boitšoaro, moralo, kutloisiso, monahano o utloahalang, temoho le puo. E boetse e sebetsana le bokamoso, menahano ea leano le e utloahalang le boitšoaro. Ke 'mohlokomeli' oa boko ba khale ba khale 'me e re lumella ho thibela kapa ho beha mariki boitšoarong bo sa tsotelleng. Karolo ena e ncha ea boko ke karolo e ntseng e etsoa nakong ea bocha.
Botho bo khabisitsoeng
Likarolo tsena tse tharo tsa boko, Li-Reptilian, Limbic le Neocortex, ha li sebetse ka bomong. Ba thehile maqhama a mangata ao ba a susumetsang ka 'ona. Litsela tsa neural tsa tsamaiso ea limbic ho ea ho cortex, li hlahisoa hantle haholo.
Maikutlo a matla haholo 'me a re khanna ho tloha tekanyong e sa tsebeng letho. Maikutlo ke ntho e re hlahelang ho feta ntho eo re e etsang ho etsa hore e etsahale. Boholo ba tlhaloso ea ho hloka taolo ho maikutlo a rona ke ka tsela eo boko ba motho bo amanang ka eona.
Boko ba rona bo fetohile ka tsela ea hore ba na le likamano tse ngata tse tsamaeang ho tloha mekhatlong ea maikutlo ho ea ho cortex ea rona (sebaka sa ho laola maikutlo) ho feta tsela e 'ngoe. Ka mantsoe a mang, molumo oa sephethephethe se sephethephethe se seholo se potlakileng ho tloha tsamaisong ea maoto ho ea ho cortex o ka khantša melumo e khutsitseng ka tsela e nyenyane ea litšila e tsamaeang ka tsela e 'ngoe.
Boko bo fetotsoeng ke ho lemalla ho kopanyelletsa le ho phunyeha ha lisele tsa methapo (methapo ea methapo) sebakeng sa prefrontal cortex ka mokhoa o tsejoang e le 'boikaketsi'. Sena se fokotsa melaetsa e thibelang ho khutlela boko bo etsang hore e se ke ea khoneha ho qoba ho etsa boitšoaro boo hona joale e leng bo se nang maikutlo le bo qobelloang.
Ho ithuta ho matlafatsa prefrontal cortex le ho itšoara ka eona ke bokhoni ba bohlokoa ba bophelo le motheo oa katleho bophelong. Kelello e sa koetlisoang kapa kelello e sa laoleheng e ka finyella ho fokolang haholo.[/x_text][/x_column][/x_row]
