Ke ntho e sa tloaelehang hore 'muelli oa molao oa Scots a khone ho kenya letsoho nyeoeng ea lekhotla la US, haholo-holo nyeoeng ea bohlokoa e kang e khahlanong le indasteri ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, empa re e entse. Motheo oa Moputso o kentse lengolo la amicus [curiae] Lekhotleng le ka Holimo-limo la United States of America. Amicus e khutsufalitsoeng e bolela lengolo le ngotsoeng 'joaloka motsoalle oa lekhotla'. E bone Mona. The Sunday Times e ngotse e Sehlooho se ka eona hape.
Mona ke lintlha tse qotsitsoeng mabapi le khang ea bophelo bo botle:
“KHANG
I. Phihlello e sa Feleng ea Litšoantšo tsa Bootsoa e Baka Tšenyo e Ke keng ea Lokisoa Bophelong ba Bana ba Kelellong le 'Meleng.
Tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e na le liphello tse kotsi bophelong ba bareki ba bangata. Litlamorao tse mpe tsa bophelo bo botle li se li hlophisitsoe ho Sehlopha sa Machaba sa Mafu - 11th Revision (“ICD-11”) e hatisitsoeng ke Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (“WHO”) ka 2018 mme e amohetsoe ka kakaretso ke linaha tseo e leng litho ka la 1 Pherekhong 2022 (Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo, 2022).
Sistimi ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo ea US e ntse e lokisa ts'ebetsong ea eona. Leha ho le joalo, linaha tse fetang 60 li se li amohetse ICD-11. 5
Tlhahlobo e nepahetseng bakeng sa "Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder" ("CSBD") e ho khoutu 6C72. 6C72 e kenyelletsa:
"Bothata ba ho qobelloa ho kopanela liphate bo khetholloa ka mokhoa o phehellang oa ho hlōleha ho laola maikutlo a matla, a pheta-phetang a thobalano kapa litakatso tse fellang ka ho pheta-pheta boitšoaro ba thobalano. Matšoao a ka kenyelletsa ho pheta-pheta liketso tsa thobalano ho fetoha sepheo sa mantlha sa bophelo ba motho ho isa bohōleng ba ho hlokomoloha bophelo bo botle le tlhokomelo ea hae kapa lithahasello tse ling, mesebetsi le boikarabello; boiteko bo bongata bo sa atleheng ba ho fokotsa haholo ho ipheta-pheta boitšoaro ba thobalano; le ho tsoela pele ho pheta-pheta boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate ho sa tsotellehe liphello tse bohloko kapa ho fumana khotsofalo e nyenyane kapa ho se letho ho eona.
Mokhoa oa ho hloleha ho laola maikutlo a matla, a ho kopanela liphate kapa litakatso le ho pheta-pheta boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate ho bonahala ka nako e telele (mohlala, likhoeli tsa 6 kapa ho feta), 'me e baka khatello e matla kapa ho senyeha ho hoholo ho motho, lelapa, sechaba, thuto, mosebetsi, kapa dibaka tse ding tsa bohlokwa tsa tshebetso. Matšoenyeho a amanang ka ho feletseng le kahlolo ea boitšoaro le ho se amoheloe ke litakatso tsa botona le botšehali, litakatso, kapa boitšoaro ha lia lekana ho finyella tlhokahalo ena.” Mokgatlo wa Lefatshe wa Bophelo bo Botle, ICD-11 International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision. (2022) https://icd.who.int/en.
Ka Hlakola 2022, WHO e ntlafalitse ho kena ha CSBD marang-rang ho kenyelletsa likarolo tse ling tsa kliniki tse kenyelletsang:
"Bothata ba ho qobella ho kopanela liphate bo ka 'na ba bonahala ka mekhoa e sa tšoaneng, ho akarelletsa le boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate le ba bang, ho pholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho li khotsofatsa, ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa, cybersex (internet sex), ho kopanela liphate ka thelefono, le mefuta e meng ea ho ipheta-pheta ha boitšoaro ba ho kopanela liphate. Id (Ho kentsoe khatiso). Batho ba nang le bothata ba ho kopanela liphate ka mokhoa o qobelloang hangata ba kopanela boitšoarong ba thobalano ka lebaka la maikutlo a ho tepella maikutlong, ho tšoenyeha, ho jeoa ke bolutu, bolutu kapa maemo a mang a fosahetseng. Le hoja e se khetho ea tlhahlobo, ho nahanela kamano pakeng tsa maikutlo le boitšoaro le boitšoaro ba thobalano e ka ba karolo ea bohlokoa ea moralo oa phekolo. " Sheba Id.
Ka mantsoe a mang, WHO e hlakisitse hore litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ke mekhoa e tloaelehileng e ka bang karolo ea boemo bona. Lipatlisiso li bontša hore batho ba fetang 80% ba batlang phekolo bakeng sa CSBD ba na le bothata bo amanang le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Beáta Bőthe, et al., Lits'oants'o tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse nang le bothata li sebelisoa ho pholletsa le linaha, banna le basali, le maikutlo a thobalano: Litlhaloso tse tsoang ho International Sex Survey le papiso ea lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa tlhahlobo. DDICTION 119.5 (2024): 928-950, e fumaneha ho https://tinyurl.com/yc6unz4w.
WHO ha e sebelise lentsoe 'ho lemalla,' kaha le nkoa e le sekhobo, empa ho e-na le hoo le bolela 'bothata ba ho lemalla.' Leha ho le joalo, sechaba ka kakaretso se sebelisa lentsoe 'ho lemalla' habonolo haholoanyane ha ba lekanya 'ho lemalla litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro' le bothata bo qobelloang ba boitšoaro ba thobalano.
Lentsoe le atisang ho sebelisoa libukeng tsa thuto ho bua ka batho ba nang le litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tse sa laoleheng, ntle le haeba ba 'nile ba hlahlojoa ke lingaka hore ba na le bothata ba ho kopanela liphate, ke bothata ba ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.
Liphello tsena li bonahala le ho feta baneng. Ha nako ea ho kena bonneng kapa bosaling e fihla, mocha o hlophisoa ka tlhaho hore a tsepamise kelello ho ithuteng ka ho kopanela liphate. Matsoalloa a kajeno a dijithale a sheba haholo-holo ho mahala, ho phallela litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tsa Inthanete ho ithuta ka thobalano. Litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete li atlehile ho etsa hore batho ba itšetlehe ka liphello tse mpe ho bana ba limilione ba etsang liphesente tse ngata tsa basebelisi.
Bana ke bona ba kotsing e kholo ea ho ba le mathata a ho lemalla le mathata a bophelo bo botle ba kelello ka lebaka la boemo ba bona ba ho hola ha boko. Boko ba bacha bo boemong ba ho ithuta ka potlako ho tloha bohlankaneng ho fihlela bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-20 ha boko bo matlafatsa litsela tse sebelisoang haholo 'me bo poma tse sa sebelisoang. Ba boetse ba hlahisa "go-get-it" neurochemical dopamine, 'me ba e utloisisa haholoanyane. Ho phaella moo, li boetse li hlahisa li-opioid tse ngata tsa tlhaho 'me li ameha haholoanyane ho tsona, li khanna takatso ea maemo a phahameng a ts'usumetso le kotsi.
Bothata ba ho kopanela liphate bo ntse bo ata haholo har'a bacha le batho ba baholo. Li ka tsosoa ke litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro empa eseng ke batho ba sebele. Sistimi ea ho tsosoa (ke hore,, tsamaiso ea methapo ea boithaopo) e felloa ke maikutlo ha nako e ntse e feta 'me e hloka lisebelisoa tse matla. Sena se bolela hore ts'usumetso e fokolang ea motho oa sebele ha e ngolise e le matla ka ho lekaneng bokong ba motho ea nang le bothata ba litšoantšo tsa bootsoa a sebelisa ho etsa thobalano. Ena ke mokhoa oa ho etsa thobalano. Mosebedisi e monyane ha a hloke ho lemalla ho ba le mathata a thobalano.
Moprofesa Gunther De Win, ngaka ea urologist e sebetsanang ka ho khetheha le bophelo bo botle ba thobalano ba bacha, o entse lipatlisiso ka ho se sebetse ha erectile ho bacha:
"... Ho hlakile hore erectile dysfunction (ED) e bonoang thutong ea rona ke maemo, kaha barupeluoa ba bangata ba nang le ED nakong ea thobalano e kopanetsoeng ha baa ka ba ba le ED kapa mathata a maholo ha ba ntse ba ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ka litšoantšo tsa bootsoa." “Har'a barupeluoa ba neng ba qalile ho ipholla litho tsa botona kapa botšehali ho kopanela liphate ba sa le monyenyane haholo (<10 lilemo), 58% (11/19) ba ne ba e-na le mofuta o itseng oa ED. (P=.01), ha ho bapisoa le 20.7% (61/295) sehlopheng se qalileng ka lilemo tse 10-12, 20.8% (173/831) sehlopheng se qalileng ka lilemo tse 13-14, 18.6% ( 97/521) sehlopheng ba qalileng ba le lilemo li 15-17, le 24% (17/70) sehlopheng se qalileng ba le lilemo li. ba lilemo li 18 kapa ho feta…
Qeto: Ho ata hona ha ED ho bahlankana ho tshosa haholo, ’me liphello tsa phuputso ena li fana ka maikutlo a kamano e khōlō le bothata ba ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro.” (Hatello e kentsoe) Tim Jacobs, et al., Likamano pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro Inthaneteng le ho se sebetse ka thobalano ho banna ba bacha: tlhahlobo e mengata e thehiloeng ho phuputso ea machaba e thehiloeng ho websaete. JMIR TEKO EA BOPHELO BA SETJHABA. 7.10 (2021): e32542. https://tinyurl.com/5n873kuy.
Sena se tšehetsa lipatlisiso tse entsoeng ke ngaka ea Cambridge le mofuputsi Moprofesa Valerie Voon oa 2014. Sehlopha sena se fumane hore "CSB [boitšoaro bo qobelloang ba ho kopanela liphate] ha e bapisoa le baithaopi ba phetseng hantle ba ne ba e-na le bothata bo boholo ba ho tsosoa ke thobalano 'me ba bile le mathata a ho robala likamanong tse haufi-ufi empa eseng ho kopanela liphate. boitsebiso bo hlakileng.” Valerie Voon, et al., Litlamorao tsa Neural tsa reacization ea boitšoaro ba thobalano ho batho ba nang le boits'oaro bo sa qobelloeng. PLOS one 9.7 (2014): e102419. https://tinyurl.com/3p8n4kt3
Qetellong, bafuputsi ba fumane hore lithuto tse nyane li ntlafalitse ts'ebetso ea potoloho ea moputso ha ba pepesetsoa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa. Li-spikes tse phahameng tsa dopamine le kutloelo-bohloko e kholo ea moputso ke lintlha tse ka sehloohong tse etsang hore bacha ba be kotsing ea ho lemalla. Sheba Boko ba hau ho Porn, Ke Hobane'ng ha U sa Lokela ho Shebella Pornny Watch Watch Haeba a U Rata? (2011) https://tinyurl.com/47sa9eh9, le boemo ba thobalano. Sheba Boko ba hau ho Porn, Boko ba Bacha bo Tsamaea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa Inthaneteng Tse Phahameng (2013b) https://tinyurl.com/hwzhf2y9.
Phuputso ea morao-rao ea bacha ba 6,093 ba US (Median Age = 15.27 years) e shebile likamano pakeng tsa thelevishene ea 'nete, livideo tsa' mino, litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le mekhoa e sebetsang ea ho romela melaetsa ea selefouno (ke hore,, ho kopa le ho romela) ho fumanoe "... tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e ne e amana hantle le mekhoa e sebetsang ea ho romela melaetsa ea selefouno har'a lihlopha tsohle tsa bong." Jennifer S. Aubrey, et al., Ho Hlahlobisisa Likamano Pakeng Tsa Phatlalatso ea Mecha ea Phatlalatso ea Thobalano le Maikutlo a Thobalano le Boitšoaro har'a Bacha ba US. ARCH. THOBALANO. TŠEBELETSO. (2024): 1-14. https://tinyurl.com/2far7put.
Batho ba hlahisang lingaka tse nang le CSBD ba e ntlafatsa ka potlako ho feta pele, hoo e batlang e le ka lebaka la ho ata ha litšoantšo tsa bootsoa inthaneteng. Lilemong tse leshome le metso e mehlano tse fetileng, ho ile ha nka lilemo tse ka bang 9-10 hore e hōle, joale e etsahala ka mor'a lilemo tse 4-5. Mateusz Gola, Ho nka nako e kae hore CSBD e ntlafatse? YouTube. (2022), https://tinyurl.com/4rhu7xj7. Liphuputso tse fetang 85 tse phatlalalitsoeng pakeng tsa 2004 le 2024 li amahanya tšebeliso ea bootsoa le bophelo bo bobe ba kelello le maikutlo a fokolang a kelello. Sheba Boko ba hau ho Porn, Liphuputso tse hokahanyang tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa le bophelo bo futsanehileng ba kelello le maikutlo le litlamorao tse mpe tsa kelello (2024), https://tinyurl.com/4j6zh66p.
Lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao tsa Italy li bontša hore bothata ba ho sebelisa litšoantšo tsa bootsoa bo ne bo amahanngoa le maemo a phahameng a ho tšoenyeha, ho tepella maikutlong, khatello ea kelello, bolutu le maikutlo a ho ipolaea, hammoho le ho fokotsa khotsofalo ea bophelo. Mujde Altin, et al., Mathata a Tšebeliso ea Litšoantšo Tsa Bootsoa, Bophelo bo Botle ba Kelello, le ho Ipolaea har'a Bacha ba Bacha. INT. J. TIKOLOHO. RES. BOPHELO BA SECHABA 21.9 (2024): 1228, https://tinyurl.com/5n8p83mz. Tlhahlobo ea papiso ea bong e senotse lintlha tse phahameng haholo bakeng sa tšebeliso e mpe ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le bolutu har'a banna, athe basali ba ile ba fumana maemo a phahameng khatellong ea maikutlo, matšoenyeho le khotsofalo ea bophelo. Id
Ka kakaretso, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete ha se sehlahisoa se sireletsehileng, haholo-holo bakeng sa bana. The Fifth Circuit tabeng ena e fumane hore “[t]o tlaleha hore ho na le mehlala e mengata ea tšenyo eo ho fihlella litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ho e bakang bana. Patlisiso e ’ngoe e fumana hore tšebeliso ea pejana ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ea batho ba baholo e ne e amana le menyetla e eketsehileng ea ho kopanela “le litšoantšo tsa bootsoa tse khelohileng (ho robala le phoofolo kapa ngoana).” Free Speech Coalition, Inc. v. Paxton, 95 F.4th 263, 279 (5th Cir. 2024). "Tlhahlobo ea lingoliloeng ho tloha 2013-2018 e fumana kamano pakeng tsa "ts'ebeliso ea khafetsa ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro inthaneteng" le "tšekamelo e sothehileng ea bong, ho se sireletsehe le ho se khotsofale ka 'mele oa motho, matšoao a khatello ea maikutlo, ho ts'oaroa ke mehlala e mabifi," le tse ling. Id Joaloka litsebi lefapheng lena, re lumellana le liphuputso tseo.
Ha e le hantle, litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro ke sehlahisoa se nang le phoso ka lebaka la litaba tsa tsona. Liphetoho tsa boko tse bakoang ke tšebeliso e matla le e tsitsitseng ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro tsa Inthanete ka likhoeli le lilemo lia eketseha. Ho itlopa joala khafetsa ho susumetsa maikutlo a matla a ho kopanela liphate ho etsa hore boko bo be le liphetoho tse amanang le bokhoba. Liwebsaete tsa litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro, joalo ka lits'ebeletso tsa mecha ea litaba ea sechaba, li hohela basebelisi ba nang le lintho tse ncha tse sa feleng le litaba tsa thobalano tse tsosang takatso.
Mamello le ho phahama ke litšobotsi tsa liphetoho tsa boko bothateng bofe kapa bofe. Ha boko bo felloa ke matla hore bo fihle boemong bo le bong ba ho hlasimoloha, bo hloka tšusumetso e matla ho ikutloa bo thabile. Feela joalokaha motho ea sebelisang lithethefatsi a hloka tekanyo e matla ea lithethefatsi tse fanoeng ho fumana "phahameng", tekanyo e lekanang le matla ho motho ea sebelisang litšoantšo tsa bootsoa ke boitsebiso bo matla haholo. Sena se kenyeletsa litaba tse mabifi, tse qobellang, le tse nyenyefatsang tse kang lihlopha tsa litlokotsebe kapa litaba tse nyatsehang tse kang ho kopanela liphate le bana kapa litho tsa lelapa kapa liphoofolo, ho finyella takatso ea thobalano. Indasteri ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro e fana ka lintho tse ngata tse kotsi joalo. Ho sebelisa thepa ena ho senya bana boemong bo mahlonoko ba kholo ea bona ea kelello le ea 'mele, le tsoelo-pele ea bona ea thobalano sechabeng.
Ka lebaka la sena sohle, ka tlhompho re khothaletsa Lekhotla hore le tsoele pele ho etsa kopo, joalo ka ha Potoloho ea Bohlano e entse tlhahlobo e utloahalang ho lumella linaha ho sireletsa bana tlokotsing ena. ”
Mary Sharpe, CEO, oa The Reward Foundation e ne e le ramolao Khomisheneng ea Europe e Brussels, lilemong tse 'maloa tse fetileng. Ha a le moo o ile a sebetsana le Taelo ea Boikarabelo ba Lihlahisoa. Eo ke karolo ea molao e etsang hore lik'hamphani tse haufi le ketane ea phepelo ho tloha sehlahisoa ho isa ho phano, li ikarabelle ka molao bakeng sa bofokoli bofe kapa bofe bo bakang kotsi. Ho fihlela hajoale khang ea boikarabello ba sehlahisoa ha e so sebelisoe lekhotleng. Re tšepa hore ho ea pele bopaki ba sesosa pakeng tsa tšebeliso ea litšoantšo tse manyala tse hlephisang boitšoaro le mathata a bophelo bo botle, kelello le 'mele, e tla ba motheo oa linyeoe tse atlehileng nakong e tlang. Re batla hore batho ba khone ho ba le likamano tse tsitsitseng, tse lerato, tse haufi-ufi ntle le tšusumetso e mpe ea thobalano ea litšoantšo tsa bootsoa.
